Safety boundary
Capstone work must use data, simulation, paper models, or teacher-approved low-risk materials only. Do not synthesize hazardous substances or improvise chemical processes.
Explicit capstone instruction
A capstone begins with a clear problem statement grounded in chemistry, not a vague wish to 'be greener.'
Criteria may include performance, cost, toxicity, durability, energy use, emissions, recyclability, or waste.
Constraints define non-negotiable limits such as safety, available materials, operating range, or maximum cost.
Vocabulary: criterion; constraint; lifecycle; sustainability; specification.
Worked example
A packaging design might require food-safe materials as a constraint while minimizing mass and lifecycle emissions as criteria.
Guided question
Rewrite one vague sustainability goal into two criteria and one hard constraint.
Independent work
- Write a problem statement.
- Define at least four criteria.
- Define at least two constraints.
- Identify required evidence.
Misconception check
A sustainability claim without defined metrics cannot be evaluated rigorously.
Formative check
What is the difference between a criterion and a constraint?
Reveal response
A criterion is used to compare solutions; a constraint is a required limit that must be met.
Mentor evidence conference
Ask Archaemenes to challenge criteria, chemistry models, evidence quality, tradeoffs, and uncertainty.
Teacher guidance
Foundation: Use a problem-definition template.
Core: Build measurable criteria/constraints.
Extended: Identify stakeholder and lifecycle assumptions.