# International Integrated Science 9 — Comprehensive Final Exam Study Guide

## Examination Structure

- 104 objective questions
- Eight objective questions from every unit, Unit 00 through Unit 12
- Six integrated constructed responses worth 16 points each
- Objective section: 104 points
- Constructed section: 96 points
- Total: 200 points
- Objective mastery threshold: 84/104
- Recommended per-unit diagnostic: 6/8
- Recommended overall mastery: 160/200
- Corrections and retakes permitted

## Unit Review

### Unit 00 — Readiness, Laboratory Safety & Scientific Habits
Risk assessment, protective equipment, emergency response, chemical and field habits, ethics, consent, privacy, environmental protection, data integrity, and reproducible records.

### Unit 01 — Scientific Inquiry, Measurement & Evidence
Questions, variables, operational definitions, controls, repeated trials, precision, accuracy, resolution, uncertainty, means, ranges, graphs, anomalies, causation, and claim–evidence–reasoning.

### Unit 02 — Cells & the Organization of Life
Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, microscopy and magnification, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, surface-area-to-volume ratio, specialization, photosynthesis, and respiration.

### Unit 03 — Body Systems & Homeostasis
Negative feedback, transport, circulatory and respiratory systems, digestion, kidneys, nervous and endocrine coordination, immunity, thermoregulation, blood-glucose and water balance, and health-data ethics.

### Unit 04 — Cell Division, Reproduction & Inheritance
DNA, genes, alleles, chromosomes, mitosis, meiosis, reproduction, probability, genotype, phenotype, mutation, variation, cell-cycle control, consent, privacy, and misuse of genetics.

### Unit 05 — Ecosystems, Evolution & Biodiversity
Ecological organization, food webs, energy flow, matter cycling, populations, interactions, succession, resilience, biodiversity, sampling, natural selection, evidence for evolution, origins literacy, conservation, and stewardship.

### Unit 06 — Atomic Structure & Periodic Patterns
Atomic models, protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic and mass number, ions, isotopes, relative atomic mass, electron arrangements, spectra, groups, periods, metals, nonmetals, and periodic trends.

### Unit 07 — Bonding, Chemical Reactions & Matter
Ionic, covalent, giant, and metallic structures; formulae; equations; conservation; reaction evidence; energetics; activation energy; catalysts; collision theory; rates; equilibrium; and chemical safety.

### Unit 08 — Motion, Forces & Energy
Distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, graphs, forces, free-body diagrams, Newton’s laws, mass, weight, momentum, impulse, work, kinetic and gravitational energy, power, efficiency, system boundaries, and safety.

### Unit 09 — Electricity, Waves & Information
Charge, current, potential difference, resistance, circuits, power, energy, magnetism, induction, motors, generators, transformers, wave quantities, reflection, refraction, diffraction, sound, light, electromagnetic spectrum, analog/digital signals, sampling, noise, parity, privacy, and access.

### Unit 10 — Earth Systems & Biogeochemical Cycles
Earth spheres, reservoirs, fluxes, feedbacks, interior evidence, plate tectonics, rocks, weathering, erosion, water budgets, groundwater, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, residence time, eutrophication, solar energy, greenhouse effect, climate evidence, hazards, resilience, and justice.

### Unit 11 — Space Systems, Astronomy & Cosmic Evidence
Sky motion, seasons, lunar phases, scale, light-time, gravity, orbits, solar-system formation, the Sun, spectra, telescopes, stellar evolution, exoplanet detection, transit depth, galaxies, lookback time, redshift, Hubble relations, CMB, Big Bang evidence, debris, and planetary protection.

### Unit 12 — Sustainable Engineering Capstone
Stakeholders, needs, criteria, constraints, baselines, evidence, concepts, decision matrices, prototypes, fair tests, repeated trials, uncertainty, optimization, life cycle, circularity, risk, reliability, resilience, accessibility, ethics, equity, governance, communication, monitoring, and iteration.

## Constructed-Response Preparation

For every response:
1. Define the system boundary and variables.
2. Show equations, substitution, units, direction, and reasonable precision.
3. Distinguish direct evidence, calculation, model, inference, projection, and decision.
4. State assumptions, uncertainty, limitations, and alternative explanations.
5. Include safety, ethics, privacy, access, environmental, and community implications where relevant.
6. Make a clear evidence-based conclusion.