Physics 12 · Newton's Laws Sovereign Dynamics Studio

Model scope and safety

Choose +x to the right. For one cart, a=Fnet/m and over duration T, v(T)=v₀+aT and Δx=v₀T+½aT². For the interaction pair, A pushes B right with +F, while B pushes A left with −F. They act on different bodies and do not cancel in a one-body diagram.

1. Your hypothesis

What will change if you double the mass while keeping net force fixed?

Also predict why equal interaction forces do not imply equal acceleration for objects with different masses.

2. Single-cart model: first and second laws

Cart mass 3 kg

Net external force (+right) 12 N

Initial velocity (+right) 0 m/s

Assumed constant-force duration 2 s

Force–acceleration chart (x: net force N; y: acceleration m/s²) at selected mass.

Mass–acceleration chart (x: mass kg; y: acceleration m/s²) at fixed signed net force.

Exact computed comparisons (not sensor measurements)
Mass (kg)	Net force (N)	Acceleration (m/s²)

3. Two-body model: third law

Body A mass 3 kg

Body B mass 6 kg

Mutual horizontal interaction magnitude 12 N

Interpretation: Body A's force on B and body B's force on A are a third-law pair. For the acceleration values displayed here, each of those forces is assumed to be the only net horizontal force on its respective body. A different external force would change that body's acceleration without changing the third-law equality for this particular interaction.

4. Evidence notebook

Import Evidence JSON

Saved simulated trials
#	Mode	Inputs	Computed result

Claim–Evidence–Reasoning and your model limitations

Download fictional Newton’s Laws practice dataset

5. Seven-Round Newton's Laws Challenge

Seven different cases randomly drawn from eleven, with signed acceleration and third-law calculations. You receive explanations after each answer; retry for a new selection. This is learning practice, not a supervised exam.

Select New Game to begin.

0 of 7 correct

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