Explicit physics instruction
This investigation uses temperature-time data to test a cooling model.
Use a cooling-curve dataset or safe water-temperature simulation. Track temperature versus time and compare energy-transfer models.
Preserve raw time/temperature values before calculating rates or fitting trends.
Core relation: q=mcΔT; energy conservation across a defined thermal system.
Worked example
If a sample cools from 80°C to 60°C in 10 min, average rate is −2°C/min over that interval; later intervals may cool more slowly.
Guided question
What graph reveals whether cooling rate remains constant?
Independent work
- Solve three thermal-energy calculations.
- Classify three heat-transfer mechanisms.
- State one system-boundary assumption.
Investigation / Data Lab
Use a cooling-curve dataset or safe water-temperature simulation. Track temperature versus time and compare energy-transfer models.
Preserve raw temperature-time data, calculated rates/energy changes, uncertainty, and one revision.
Misconception check
Two objects at the same temperature need not contain the same internal energy; mass and material matter.
Formative check
Which quantity is energy transfer caused by a temperature difference?
Reveal response
Heat.
Mentor evidence conference
Ask Archaemenes to audit signs, units, transfer mechanisms, and system boundaries.
Teacher guidance
Foundation: Use q=mcΔT.
Core: Combine energy calculations with transfer mechanisms.
Extended: Analyze cooling-curve residuals and nonconstant rates.