Unit 06 · Rhetoric & Public Voice · Week 17

Reasoning, Evidence and Fallacies

How can a reader test whether persuasion is responsible and sound?

A complete five-day rhetoric sequence with local source material, explicit reasoning instruction, handwriting or typing, and evaluator-reviewed mastery.

Weekly targets

Analyze, create and defend

  • Use accurately: claim, reason, evidence, warrant, assumption, relevance, sufficiency, fallacy.
  • Answer the essential question using precise evidence and reasoning.
  • Complete Claim-evidence-warrant audit and corrections memorandum.
  • Revise after feedback while preserving the 80% standard.

Course-created source

Shared evidence text

PROPOSAL — EXTEND THE LIBRARY HOUR
During a four-week trial, the library remained open one additional hour on Tuesdays. Entry counts averaged 18 students during that hour, compared with 11 during the final regular hour. A voluntary exit card received 22 responses; 17 respondents said the later hour helped them finish schoolwork. The proposal recommends a twelve-week extension while collecting attendance, staffing cost, transportation, and student-access data. The trial does not establish that every student benefited or that the schedule caused the higher entry count.

This original instructional source may be printed, annotated, quoted and adapted for course work.

Day 81

Build the Reasoning Chain

Distinguish claim, reason, evidence and warrant.

Learn and model

Map the proposal’s recommendation. Identify the unstated bridge between attendance evidence and the conclusion.

Independent evidence

Create a chain and identify two assumptions requiring investigation.

Student response · handwriting or typing

Day 82

Test Evidence Quality

Evaluate relevance, sufficiency, representativeness and credibility.

Learn and model

Audit sample size, voluntary response, comparison period, missing cost data and causal limits without dismissing all evidence.

Independent evidence

Rate each evidence item and justify the rating in two sentences.

Student response · handwriting or typing

Day 83

Name the Error Precisely

Identify reasoning errors without using fallacy labels as insults.

Learn and model

Distinguish overgeneralization, false dilemma, circular reasoning, irrelevant appeal, post hoc reasoning and straw person. Repair a flawed argument after naming its exact broken step.

Independent evidence

Correct six flawed claims and explain the repaired logic.

Student response · handwriting or typing

Day 84

Counterclaim as Quality Control

Represent the strongest opposing concern fairly.

Learn and model

Develop concerns about staffing, transportation and unequal access. Decide which challenges the claim, which requests more data and which suggests a condition.

Independent evidence

Write a counterclaim-and-response paragraph using concession and qualification.

Student response · handwriting or typing

Day 85

Evidence Audit

Reach a proportionate conclusion rather than “proven” or “worthless.”

Learn and model

Combine the chain, evidence ratings, assumptions and counterclaim. Recommend adopt, reject or revise-and-test with conditions.

Independent evidence

Submit a 600–800 word audit and a correction memorandum.

Student response · handwriting or typing

Weekly mastery assessment

Claim-evidence-warrant audit and corrections memorandum

Submit the principal product, five daily responses, source annotations and a 150–250 word reflection. Completion or delivery alone does not establish mastery.

Criterion2 · Secure1 · Developing0 · Insufficient
Rhetorical understandingSpecific, accurate and completePartly demonstrated; revision neededMissing, unsupported or inaccurate
Evidence and source accuracySpecific, accurate and completePartly demonstrated; revision neededMissing, unsupported or inaccurate
Reasoning and qualificationSpecific, accurate and completePartly demonstrated; revision neededMissing, unsupported or inaccurate
Audience, organization and languageSpecific, accurate and completePartly demonstrated; revision neededMissing, unsupported or inaccurate
Revision, reflection and delivery evidenceSpecific, accurate and completePartly demonstrated; revision neededMissing, unsupported or inaccurate

Mastery: 8/10 after evaluator review. Below mastery, revise the lowest criterion and resubmit. Accessible speech modes are evaluated by the same intellectual criteria, never by volume, eye contact or physical performance.

Final reflection