KH-SCI-IIS9 · After Unit 09 · Earth-science Transition
Units 08–09 Cumulative Chapter Test
Motion, forces, momentum, work, energy, circuits, magnetism, waves, light, sound, digital information, and Earth-observation systems.
Before you begin
Work independently
Use only the materials and supports your instructor has approved.
Complete every question
Unanswered objective questions count as incorrect.
Progress saves locally
Your responses remain in this browser until submitted or cleared.
Review before submitting
Use the numbered navigator to revisit skipped or uncertain questions.
Transition into Earth science
The final response applies physics to Earth observation through sensors, electrical energy, radio waves, digital records, uncertainty, and system inference. It assesses existing skills in a new context rather than requiring prior Earth-science content.
Transition benchmark
Complete the Units 08–09 assessment
Work carefully through motion, forces, energy, electricity, waves, and information. Monitor your answered-question count and submit only after reviewing the complete benchmark.
Benchmark results
Review your transition performance
Use the unit breakdown and question review to identify strengths, corrections, and readiness for the Earth and space science sequence.
Objective Result
Constructed section
Four responses complete the 100-point benchmark
Each response is scored from 0–10 using the educator rubric.
Unit 08
Motion, Forces, Graphs, and Model Limits
A 5.0 kg instrument cart moves from 0 m at 0 s to 4 m at 2 s, 12 m at 4 s, and 24 m at 6 s. Calculate each interval velocity and the overall average velocity. Describe how the position–time graph slope changes. A 16 N driving force acts right while 6 N of resistance acts left. Calculate net force and acceleration. Draw or describe a complete free-body diagram, state the positive direction, and identify two measurement limits and two model assumptions.
Unit 08
Momentum, Mechanical Energy, and Safety
A 3.0 kg cart moving at 4.0 m/s collides with a 1.0 kg cart at rest and the carts move together. Calculate total momentum before, their shared speed after, initial kinetic energy, and final kinetic energy. Explain why momentum may be conserved while kinetic energy decreases. If the joined carts stop in 0.20 s, calculate average force magnitude; repeat for 0.50 s. Explain the safety principle and why stopping time alone does not determine injury risk.
Unit 09
Circuits, Magnetism, and Energy Transfer
A 6.0 V source is connected first to 12 Ω and 24 Ω resistors in series and then in parallel. For each arrangement, calculate equivalent resistance, total current, branch or component current, component potential difference, and total power. Explain why adding a parallel branch lowers equivalent resistance. Then compare an electromagnet, motor, generator, and ideal transformer by identifying energy input, field interaction, and output. Include three model limits and two electrical or magnetic safety boundaries.
Earth-Science Bridge
Earth Observation: Waves, Sensors, and Information
An Earth-monitoring station uses a 12 V sensor drawing 0.25 A for 4.0 hours and sends digital data by a 150 MHz radio signal. Calculate sensor power, electrical energy in joules, and radio wavelength in vacuum using c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s. Explain the complete communication chain from measured Earth-system variable through encoding, channel, receiver, error checking, storage, and interpretation. Distinguish one direct measurement, one calculation, one model, and one Earth-system inference. Evaluate noise, sampling, privacy, reliability, energy use, accessibility, and one field-safety boundary.