Grade 12 · Week 04 · Thursday · Day 04

Virtual Projectile Laboratory

Learning objective: Run controlled, safe projectile simulations, record multiple trials, and calculate impact time and range.

45–60 minutes · Offline-capable · Public practice, not a supervised examination

Read and reason

Use a controlled simulation

The Projectile Explorer calculates a sequence of (x,y) locations for an ideal particle under constant downward gravity. The simulation changes speed, angle, initial height and g. Each parameter has a physical interpretation, and the model calculates impact without using any equipment. Your job is to make a prediction, change a single variable, log the output and explain whether the recorded values agree with the model.

Make two matched comparisons

First hold speed 10 m/s, height 0 m and gravity 9.8 m/s² fixed; compare 30° and 60°. Their ideal level-ground ranges are equal because sin(2θ) has the same value for complementary angles. Second hold angle, height and gravity fixed while comparing two speeds. The speed affects horizontal and vertical components and therefore the flight time and range.

Check the graph and table independently

The plotted path must begin at (0,h) and end at the calculated impact point (range,0). The data table should include a start point, several intermediate points, and impact. For each trial confirm that the value of x at landing is vx0×tflight and the value of y at impact is zero within rounding. Check both axis units and the declared coordinate system.

A virtual model is not a safety certificate

This is not designed for selecting real launch angles or launching hard objects. Real air drag, spin, obstacles, wind, local gravity and ground elevation affect actual trajectories. No test should involve firing, throwing or dropping hard materials near people or property. A supplied-data alternative allows the same mathematical evidence without manipulating sliders.

Vocabulary in context

independent variable
The setting deliberately changed in a fair comparison.
dependent variable
The recorded output responding to that change.
control variable
A setting held fixed when isolating an effect.
model trial
One specific set of simulated parameters and resulting predictions.
experimental limitation
A constraint limiting how broadly the result can be applied.

Use every term in a short original sentence or model explanation.

Worked example

Matched comparison, speed 10 m/s and height 0: at 30° the ideal range is about 8.84 m; at 60° it is also about 8.84 m, while flight times differ. Equal range does not mean equal trajectory shape.

Show substitutions, signs and SI units in your own notebook.

Independent science notebook

Complete three logged trials with one controlled variable at a time. Save a CSV or JSON export and write why your observed model outputs do not prove real-world behavior.

Your work stays in the local browser when possible. Export your notebook for backup.

Daily retrieval practice · four questions

Open-book practice with feedback and an 80% correction target. Randomized answers do not constitute a confidential official exam.

Continue

Select an artifact for your evidence portfolio. Explain what it supports and one factor it cannot establish.